一种基于时间梳技术的高频正弦信号相位差测量方法

本文研究了一种基于时间梳原理的高频正弦信号相位差测量方法,给出了时间梳原理的数学模型,并详细分析了其特点,并将此原理首次应用于高频信号的数据采集中,可以用低频和被测信号构建一种高频等效采样技术,可以在不满足乃奎斯特采样定理下,对被测两路正弦信号进行同步采样,避免了高频信号采样的高采样率,结合多重互相关技术,实现了对高频正弦信号的相位差的高精度测量,实验结果表明本文算法对高频信号对高频正弦信号的相位差测量具有很高的测量精度,尤其在低信噪比下也有较高的测量精度,具有较高的工程实用价值。     

面向多电飞机的脉冲波形下局部放电规律

为满足多电飞机（MEA）的大功率用电需求，系统工作电压需要进一步提高，而较高电压会增加相关部件的绝缘失效风险。面向多电飞机特定工作场景和参数，搭建了模拟飞机电作动器中的绕组间绝缘故障测试平台，开展了1 kHz范围内的局部放电（PD）大量重复实验，研究了特定电压幅值、正弦波和方波脉冲波形下局部放电幅值、放电重复率和放电相位等统计特征，并计算评估了不同频率值下多电飞机中的局部放电行为。实验结果表明：在设定频域范围内，方波脉冲下的起始放电电压（PDIV）都低于正弦，方波脉冲波形对绝缘影响更大；随着频率升高，放电幅值逐渐降低，但放电重复率几乎呈线性增长；放电时刻集中于上升沿/下降沿末端。以50 Hz作为对比基准频率，1 kHz时的放电幅值降低80%，而放电重复率增加11.92倍，较高频率下多次累积的小幅值击穿成为威胁绝缘失效的主要原因。计算分析认为高频下空间电荷场强变化导致的放电延迟时间减少和周期数目增加分别导致局部放电脉冲幅值降低和放电重复率增加。本实验结果有助于针对多电飞机电气系统和相关装备开展针对性绝缘测试和评估，并有望为多电飞机向大功率高电压方向的设计提供参考和借鉴。     

A deformation model of flexible,HAMR objects for accurate propagation under perturbations and the self-shadowing effects

A new type of space debris in near geosynchronous orbit (GEO) was recently discovered and later identified as exhibiting unique characteristics associated with high area-to-mass ratio (HAMR) objects, such as high rotation rates and high reflection properties. Observations have shown that this debris type is very sensitive to environmental disturbances, particularly solar radiation pressure, due to the fact that its motion depends on the actual effective area, orientation of that effective area, reflection properties and the area-to-mass ratio of the object is not stable over time. Previous investigations have modelled this type of debris as rigid bodies (constant area-to-mass ratios) or discrete deformed body; however, these simplifications will lead to inaccurate long term orbital predictions. This paper proposes a simple yet reliable model of a thin, deformable membrane based on multibody dynamics. The membrane is modelled as a series of flat plates, connected through joints, representing the flexibility of the membrane itself. The mass of the membrane, albeit low, is taken into account through lump masses at the joints. The attitude and orbital motion of this flexible membrane model is then propagated near GEO to predict its orbital evolution under the perturbations of solar radiation pressure, Earth’s gravity field (J₂), third body gravitational fields (the Sun and Moon) and self-shadowing. These results are then compared to those obtained for two rigid body models (cannonball and flat rigid plate). In addition, Monte Carlo simulations of the flexible model by varying initial attitude and deformation angle (different shape) are investigated and compared with the two rigid models (cannonball and flat rigid plate) over a period of 100?days. The numerical results demonstrate that cannonball and rigid flat plate are not appropriate to capture the true dynamical evolution of these objects, at the cost of increased computational time.     

牵引发电机汇流环绝缘结构优化研究

针对牵引发电机汇流环产品标准化和通用化设计,列举了5种型号的交流传动内燃机车配套汇流环绝缘结构,提出了汇流环绝缘结构优化的设计方案。检测、试验和有限元分析结果表明,优化结构满足额定电压低于1 346 V的牵引发电机使用要求。这为以后设计不同要求的汇流环绝缘结构提供了参考依据。     

飞机隔热结构热桥效应分析与实验

针对飞机隔热结构中金属筋条的热桥问题,设计了两类典型飞机隔热结构构型。为了研究分析热桥效应对隔热性能的影响,对各构型进行瞬态热传导有限元分析,得到在热面温度分别为100℃,200℃,300℃,424℃时考核点的温度,并通过隔热性能实验验证了有限元方法的有效性。结果表明:热桥对隔热结构的隔热性能有较大影响,设计隔热结构时应充分考虑热桥现象;提出了热桥阻断的方法。     

Calculation of high-temperature insulation parameters and heat transfer behaviors of multilayer insulation by inverse problems method

In the present paper, a numerical model combining radiation and conduction for porous materials is developed based on the finite volume method. The model can be used to investigate high-temperature thermal insulations which are widely used in metallic thermal protection systems on reusable launch vehicles and high-temperature fuel cells. The effective thermal conductivities（ECTs） which are measured experimentally can hardly be used separately to analyze the heat transfer behaviors of conduction and radiation for high-temperature insulation. By fitting the effective thermal conductivities with experimental data, the equivalent radiation transmittance, absorptivity and reflectivity, as well as a linear function to describe the relationship between temperature and conductivity can be estimated by an inverse problems method. The deviation between the calculated and measured effective thermal conductivities is less than 4%. Using the material parameters so obtained for conduction and radiation, the heat transfer process in multilayer thermal insulation（MTI） is calculated and the deviation between the calculated and the measured transient temperatures at a certain depth in the multilayer thermal insulation is less than 6.5%.     

基于超声导波的贮箱绝热层脱粘检测试验

研究使用超声导波对绝热层脱粘损伤进行检测的可行性.在铝板上采用环氧树脂粘接片状结构聚酰亚胺泡沫模拟绝热结构.通过在铝板上布置一对可变角度的楔形探头,改变入射角度和激励信号中心频率产生适当的导波模态,采用Pitch-catch方式研究不同扫描路径上的超声导波在贴片结构上的传播特性变化.实验结果表明绝热层泡沫吸收了超声导波大部分能量,采用超声导波可定性地检测绝热结构的脱粘状况,包括脱粘位置和大小.     

一种耐高焓低热流环境隔热材料

采用模压工艺将耐高温阻燃硅橡胶和隔热填料RMX 压制成胶结片材,其密度为0. 56 g/ cm3,比 热容为1. 371 J/ (g·K),热导率为80 mW/ (m·K),拉伸强度为1. 87 MPa,断裂伸长率为25%。在高焓低热流 风洞考核环境下,厚度为1 mm 隔热材料试件界面平均温度为70. 7℃,试片表观完整、无龟裂。     

高温真空绝热板的制备及性能研究

根据真空绝热原理提出一种可在高温环境下使用的新型高温真空绝热板(High-temperature vacuum insulation panel,HT-VIP)。在多孔碳化硅泡沫芯材表面包覆多层碳纤维布,通过化学气相渗透(Chemical vapor infiltration,CVI)热解碳的方法对外壳碳纤维体进行增密,然后采用聚合物浸渍裂解(Polymer infiltration and pyrolysis,PIP)工艺制备玻璃碳对材料进行致密化处理,最后采用低压化学气相沉积(Chemical vapor deposition,CVD)工艺沉积SiC涂层对材料进行封装,制备出一种具有耐高温、密度低、强度高、低导热以及抗热冲击的新型高温真空绝热复合材料。制备的致密碳纤维增强复合材料,材料内部为真空状态,材料密度为0.81g/cm3,抗压强度为8.75 MPa。当温度为100~900℃时,高温VIP有效热导热系数从0.20 W/mK逐渐增加到1.16 W/mK,比C/C和C/SiC复合材料低一个数量级。     

多层隔热结构研究进展

多层隔热(MLI)结构在高真空环境下具有极低热导率,主要用于太空环境下飞行器和大型燃料贮箱的隔热.本文对MLI结构的隔热原理、选材、制备工艺及应用等进行了综述,简要介绍了国内外MLI结构的研究进展和发展趋势,提出进一步改进MLI的性能是我国实现飞行器长期在轨运行和深空探测的重要研究方向.